Damage Rolls

When the result of your attack roll with a weapon or unarmed attack equals or exceeds your target's AC, you hit your target! Roll the weapon or unarmed attack's damage die and add the relevant modifiers, bonuses, and penalties to determine the amount of damage you deal. Calculate a damage roll as follows (full details are in Damage Rolls).
Melee damage roll = damage die of weapon or unarmed attack + Strength modifier + bonuses + penalties
Ranged damage roll = damage die of weapon (+ Strength modifier for a thrown weapon or half Strength modifier for a propulsive weapon) + other bonuses + penalties
Ranged weapons don't normally add an attribute modifier to the damage roll, though thrown weapons add your full Strength modifier. At higher levels, most characters also gain extra damage from weapon specialization. Improved versions of weapons also deal more damage.

Each weapon lists the damage die used for its damage roll. Improved versions of a weapon can deal multiple dice of damage.
Counting Damage Dice
Effects based on a weapon's number of damage dice include only the weapon's damage die. They don't count extra dice from abilities, critical specialization effects, weapon fusions, weapon traits, or the like.
Increasing Die Size
When an effect calls on you to increase the size of your weapon damage dice, instead of using its normal weapon damage dice, use the next larger die, as listed below (so if you were using a d4, you'd use a d6, and so on). If you are already using a d12, the size is already at its maximum. You can't increase your weapon damage die size more than once. 1d4 » 1d6 » 1d8 » 1d10 » 1d12